The purpose of this standard is to describe the principles and procedures of Hazard and Operability (HAZOP) Studies. HAZOP is a structured and systematic technique for examining a defined system, with the objective of:
(a) identifying potential hazards in the system. The hazards involved may include both those essentially relevant only to the immediate area of the system and those with a much wider
sphere of influence, e.g. some environmental hazards;
(b)identifying potential operability problems with the system and in particular identifying causes of operational disturbances and production deviations likely to lead to nonconforming products.
An important benefit of HAZOP studies is that the resulting knowledge, obtained by identifying potential hazards and operability problems in a structured and systematic manner, is of great assistance in determining appropriate remedial measures.
A characteristic feature of a HAZOP study is the "examination session" during which a multidisciplinary team under the guidance of a study leader systematically examines all relevant parts of a design or system. It identifies deviations from the system design intent utilizing a core set of guide words. The technique aims to stimulate the imagination of participants in a systematic way to identify hazards and operability problems. HAZOP should be seen as an enhancement to sound design using experience-based approaches such as codes of practice rather than a substitute for such approaches.
There are many different tools and techniques available for the identification of potential hazards and operability problems, ranging from Checklists, Fault Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA), Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) to HAZOP. Some techniques, such as Checklists and What-If/analysis, can be used early in the system life cycle when little information is available, or in later phases if a less detailed analysis is needed. HAZOP studies require more details regarding the systems under consideration, but produce more comprehensive information on hazards and errors in the system design.
The term HAZOP has been often associated, in a generic sense, with some other hazard identification techniques (e.g. checklist HAZOP, HAZOP 1 or 2, knowledge-based HAZOP).
The use of the term with such techniques is considered to be inappropriate and is specifically excluded from this document. Before commencing a HAZOP study, it should be confirmed that it is the most appropriate technique (either individually or in combination with other techniques) for the task in hand. In making this judgement, consideration should be given to the purpose of the study, the possible severity of any consequences, the appropriate level of detail, the availability of relevant data and resources.
This standard has been developed to provide guidance across many industries and types of system. There are more specific standards and guides within some industries, notably the process industries where the technique originated, which establish preferred methods of application for these industries. For details see the bibliography at the end of this text.
发表于 2011-10-5 11:09:54
